The Neuroscience of Writing

Author: Brett McCardel, MS, CCC-SLP

What areas of the brain have been associated with agraphia when lesioned? ๐Ÿง  ๐Ÿ’ฅ โฃ
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Writing is a complex process, with ๐— ๐—”๐—ก๐—ฌ areas of the brain playing a role. This results in large neural networks responsible for the writing process โœ๐Ÿผ โฃ
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That being said, the traditional agraphia classifications do have lesion sites that are associated with them. They are as follows:โฃ
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โฃ๐˜พ๐™€๐™‰๐™๐™๐˜ผ๐™‡ ๐˜ผ๐™‚๐™๐˜ผ๐™‹๐™ƒ๐™„๐˜ผ๐™Žโฃ
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๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: left posterior inferior temporal cortexโฃ
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๐—ฃ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ผ๐—น๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: left perisylvian cortexโฃ
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๐——๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฝ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: left perisylvian cortex (lesions thought to be larger than the lesion seen in a phonological agraphia)โฃ
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๐—ฆ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: extraperisylvian region, posterior tempoparietal areasโฃ
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๐—š๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—•๐˜‚๐—ณ๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—œ๐—บ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—ฟ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜: left hemisphere frontoparietal cortical system โฃ
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๐™‹๐™€๐™๐™„๐™‹๐™ƒ๐™€๐™๐˜ผ๐™‡ ๐˜ผ๐™‚๐™๐˜ผ๐™‹๐™ƒ๐™„๐˜ผ๐™Žโฃ
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๐—”๐—น๐—น๐—ผ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: left parieto-occipital regionโฃ
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๐—”๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐˜…๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: junction of the angular gyrus and the superior parietal lobe, premotor cortical areas, and the supplementary motor areaโฃ
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๐— ๐—ผ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ก๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—”๐—ฝ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐˜…๐—ถ๐—ฐ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical and corticocerebellar motor loopsโฃ
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๐—ฆ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น/๐—”๐—ณ๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—ฎ๐—ด๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ฎ: non dominant parietal area, cerebellumโฃ
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From a clinical perspective, lesions in any of these areas are risk factors for an agraphia. That being said, a lesion in any of these areas does not automatically mean that a person will acquire writing problems. Conversely, people with agraphia may have lesions across the brain not specifically in these areas ๐Ÿง  โฃ
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Let lesion areas drive your formulation of a clinical hypothesis, and allow behavioral observation and patient report to determine whether agraphia assessment is warranted ๐Ÿ” โฃ
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By being familiar with these classical lesion sites, youโ€™ll be all the better equipped to know what to look for and how best to help your patient before they even walk in the door! ๐Ÿ‘Š๐Ÿผโฃ
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#aphasiaawareness #writing #agraphia #neurologicaldisorder #strokeawareness