Cognitive Models of Numerical Processing

Author: Brett McCardel, MS, CCC-SLP

How can number processing be conceptualized? ๐Ÿ”ข ๐Ÿง  โฃ
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Models of numerical processing are helpful tools for better understanding the types of arithmetic errors made by people with acalculia. While these errors can be seemingly random upon first glance, theoretical models help provide a framework for recognizing why certain errors are made and how treatment can be individualized to best fit the unique needs of our clients.โฃ
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Throughout the acalculia literature, two different models of numerical processing have reached prominence in explaining acquired arithmetic errors: โฃ
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๐Ÿ”นMcCloskyโ€™s Model of Numerical Processing (McClosky et al, 1985)โฃ
๐Ÿ”นTriple Code Model (Dehaene, 1992)โฃ
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Though these models fundamentally differ in how they represent and explain numerical processing, both models are useful tools in acalculia management for conceptualizing how certain arithmetic operations are impaired while other arithmetic operations remain intact. The following features are central tenets of each model:โฃ
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๐— ๐—ฐ๐—–๐—น๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ธ๐˜†โ€™๐˜€ ๐— ๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—น ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ก๐˜‚๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ดโฃ
-Separates Arabic Numeral processing (12) from Verbal Numeral processing (twelve)โฃ
-Calculation Mechanisms are not bound to either Arabic or Verbal modalities, and are instead independent functionsโฃ
-For any arithmetic task, a central semantic system (Abstract Internal Representation) must be accessed; no task can be completed without accessing this systemโฃ
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๐—ง๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฝ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ ๐— ๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—นโฃ
-Numbers are represented in three different codes: Auditory Verbal Code (twelve), Visual Arabic Code (12), and Analogue Magnitude Representation (where magnitude and quantity information is stored)โฃ
-Calculation Mechanisms are tied to certain codes (e.g., multi-digit operations are housed within the Visual Arabic Code)โฃ
-The Auditory Verbal Code and Visual Arabic Code do not automatically access any semantic information; some arithmetic tasks can be done without accessing semantics at all โฃ
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Though each model has its own theoretical strengths and weaknesses, they serve as helpful guides for navigating the arithmetic profiles of our clients with acalculia. โฃ

#acalculia #dyscalculia #aphasia #aphasiatherapy #medslp
#mathematical #mathhelp
#cognitiveneuropsychology
#neuropsychology